Keywords:
filtered backprojection, derivation operator, numerical simulation, central difference, spline fitting
The analytic filtered backprojection algorithms are widely used in the computed tomography field. It is well known that the filtering step is implemented either by a ramp kernel function or by combining the derivative and Hilbert filtering operations. Although the derivative is a local operator, the corresponding discrete kernel function has infinite support. It is practical to compute derivative using some numerical methods, such as forward, backward, central differences and spline fitting. In this paper, we numerically evaluate the performance of different numerical methods for computing derivative by fixing other factors. By quantitatively analyzing the reconstructed image quality, we look into tradeoffs between image quality indexes when each type of derivative is used. Results show that, the central difference approximation derivatives produce the most accurate images with lower noise and spatial resolution, whereas the spline fitting leads to the highest spatial resolution with higher noise.
- Ibrahim Mkusa
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Yanbo Zhang
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Morteza Salehjahromi
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Hengyong Yu
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- A. Kak and M. Slaney. “Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging, IEEE press, 1994
- L. Shepp and B. Logan. “The Fourier reconstruction of a head section,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, NS-21 (3): 21-43
- G. Zeng. Medical image Reconstruction: A conceptual Tutorial, China Higher Education Press, 2009
- A. Oppeinheim and R. Schafer. Discrete-time signal processing, Prentice hall, 2010.
- R. Lyons. Understanding Digital Processing, Prentice hall, 2010
- E. Weisstein. Finite Difference, From Mathworld-A Wolfram Web Resource, https://mathworld.wolfram.com/FiniteDifference.html.
- M. Abramowitz and I. Stegun. Handbook of Mathematical Functionswith Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, New York, 1972
- C. De Boor. A practical Guide to Splines, Springer-Verlag, 1978
- W. Press and S. Teukolsky. Numerical Recipes in C: The Art ofScientific Computing, Cambridge University Press, 1988
- Z. Wang, A. Bovik, H. Sheikh, and E. Simoncelli, “Image qualityassessment: from error visibility to structural similarity,” Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 13, pp. 600-612, 2004
- F. Schlueter, G. Wang, P. Hsieh, J. Brink, D. Balfe, and M. Vannier, “Longitudinal Image Deblurring in Spiral CT,” Medical Physics, 1994
- G. Ramachandran and A. Lakshminarayanan. “Three dimensional reconstructions from radiographs and electron micrographs: Application of convolution instead of Fourier transforms,” Proc.Nat. Acad. Sci., vol.68, pp. 2236-2240, 1971
- E. Weisstein. Cubic Spline. From MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CubicSpline.html
- S. Smith. The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing, California Technical Publishing, 1997